Dead Loads are referred to gravity loads of constant magnitudes and fixed positions that act permanently during the lifespan of the structure. it includes the weights of the structural members itself and that the material and equipment permanently attached to the building. To remain accurate, the weights of permanent equipment, such as air-conditioning systems, should […]
Light weight concrete can be used for both insulation purposes and construction of structural members. Using lightweight coarse aggregate can reduce the density of the concrete mixture to between 90 to 115 lb / ft³ (1440 to 1840 kg/m³). in other words, it is much lighter in comparison with the density of normal concrete, which is between […]
In addition to usual loading, some loads are created and applied to the structural members during the installation and construction processes. These loads, which are mainly gravity loads, must be predicted in designing in order to provide a safe construction. In the following paragraphs, we explain some of these kinds of loading. Prefabricated sections and […]
The importance of loading is quite obvious to everyone. The larger the loads are the stronger the cross section must be. However in simple lessons such as statics loads are always given, in reality loading comes with uncertainties. In simple words we need to design for the worst possible loading condition which might never happens […]