reduced integration elements Archives - Lessons for Civil

Reduced Integration VS full integration

In finite element (FE) methods, the  calculating of element stiffness is of a fundamental importance to compute the deformation of the element. Depending on the complicity and importance of the problem the stiffness matrix can be calculated by different accuracy. One of the well-known method for numerical integration of two-dimensional integration is Simpson’s rule, which […]

What is Hourglass and how to solve it

Hourglass and How to Solve It As it is discussed in previous articles, using reduced integration method is an effective solution to avoid shear locking of full integration elements which are subjected to bending moment. But using reduced integration elements has also its own drawbacks. First disadvantage of these elements is that the stiffness of […]